| Name | Explanation | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| R | Reconnaissater, Razvedchik | R-3, R-12 |
| RAF | Aircraft designed by A.N.Rafaelants | RAF-11 |
| RAF | Royal Air Forces (British) | |
| RATO | Rocket-Assisted Take Off | |
| RBVZ | Russko-Baltijskij Vagonnyj Zavod, Russo-Baltic Cart Works; , In the early ages of aviation "mass" aircraft production could be based in any place with qualified workforce available. | "Bolshoj Baltijskij" , Gakkel-5 |
| RD | Long-range Record, Record Dalnosti | RD |
| RD | Used for both Jet and Rocket Engines, Reaktivnyj (Raketnyj) Dvigatel | RD-33 |
| RDA | Rocket engine using Nitric Acid az a fuel component, Rocketnyj Dvigatel, Azotnyj (Azot=Nytrogen) |
RDA-1-150 |
| RD-DB | Long range recce/bomber, Razvedchik Dalnij - Dalnij Bombardirovshik | RD-DB |
| Revvoensovet | Revolutionary Military Command Revolutsionnyj Voennyj Sovet |
|
| RF | Russian Federation Rossijskaya Federatsia |
|
| RGSR | Reactivnyj Gidroplane Strategicheskij Razvedchik , Strategic Hydroplane Jet Reconnaissater | RGSR |
| RK, RK-I | Telescope Wing (Fighter), Razdviznoe Krylo (Istrebitel) | RK, RK-I |
| RK | Reconnaissater, Artillery Spotter, Razvedchik-Korrektirovschic | RK (Su-12) |
| RKKA | Red Army of Workers and Farmers, Raboche-Krestjanskaya Krasnaya Armija | |
| RKKVF | Red Air Fleet of Workers and Farmers , Raboche-Krestjanskaya Krasny Aviatsionnij Flot | |
| RKP(b) | Rossijskaya Kommunisticheskaya Partia (bolshevikov) , Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks) | |
| RLD | Radio Lokacionnyj Dozor , Radar Guardian | Ka-29RLD |
| RLS | Radio-Lokatsyonnaya Stantsia , Radar Station | |
| RLS BO | RLS Bokovogo Obzora, Side-looking Radar Station | |
| RNII | Rocket Scientific Research Institution , Racketnij Nauchno-Issledovatelkij Institut , here RS-82/132mm rockets (aka "Katusha") were created... and a lot more. | - |
| RO | Reaktivnoe Orudie, Rocket Launcher, Rocket Weapon | Mentioned at Pe-2 page |
| ROM | Open sea recce, Razvedchik Otkritogo Morja | ROM-1, ROM-2 |
| RP | Rocket Glider, Raketnyj Planer |
RP-318 RP-318-1 |
| RSFSR | Rossijskaja Sovetskaja Federativnaja Socialisticheskaja Respublika , Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | |
| RSR | Reactivnyj Strategicheskij Razvedchik, Strategic Jet Reconnaissater | RSR |
| RU | Roketnyj Uskoritel, Rocket Booster | Pe-2RU page |
| RVZ | Remvozdukhozavod, Aircraft repair workshop | Mentioned at K-1 page |
| RVS | Revolutsionnyj Voennyj Sovet, Revolutionary-Military Consul | |